Academic · Interactive · By Request

Trade
Dependency
Atlas

An interactive atlas measuring import vulnerabilities and export leverage for 232 economies. It applies the five-criteria methodology of Mejean and Rousseaux (2024) at the level of individual economies, following Fontagné and Rousseaux (2026). For EU member states and the United Kingdom, the methodology incorporates the potential for domestic substitution using Eurostat and ONS Prodcom production data, as well as inter-supplier substitutability (Martin, Mejean & Parenti, 2024). A novel contribution of this atlas is the computation of reverse dependencies — measuring the export leverage each economy holds over others — for the first time at this scale.

Explore the Atlas → Methodology About

Data: BACI CEPII HS17 V202601 · Prices: EUR constant 2019 · Periods: 2015–2019 & 2021–2024
Last updated: September 2026 · pierre.rousseaux@ensae.fr

—

Economies covered

—

Median DBS

—

Median VI / GDP

—

Median EC products

In the current context of US tariffs and rising geopolitical tensions, identifying trade dependencies has become a strategic imperative. This atlas maps both sides: which economies are vulnerable to import disruptions, and which hold leverage over others through critical exports.

01 — IMPORT DEPENDENCIES

Which products are critical imports?

For each economy, we identify products meeting the European Commission's three concentration criteria (HHI, extra-zone share, import/export ratio) and two additional criteria (domestic absorption, supply stickiness).

02 — EXPORT LEVERAGE

Which economies can exert pressure?

For each economy, we identify the products it exports critically to other countries — products where it is a concentrated, dominant, and irreplaceable supplier. This is the mirror image of import dependencies.

03 — BALANCE (DBS)

Vulnerability vs. leverage

The Dependency Balance Score (DBS = VI / LI) summarises whether an economy is a net importer of risk (DBS > 1, red) or a net exporter of leverage (DBS < 1, blue) relative to its GDP.

TradeDependencyAtlas

Trade
Dependency
Atlas